*DNA  to *RNA* to Protein:     Last updated on           , a full moon day

Also see P vector direction, and please notice that all bio related cellular cells obey 2nd time & lunar gravitational [Physics'    M Theory's 2 spin strings, to understand 2 spin stings, electronic engineering and physics must be understood i.e. EMF, holes, particles' string, waves, ... , and then must understand Prof. Kaku's Parallel World, and then bio cellular cells ...  ], because existence of pairs, because twisted-time, because 2 spin strings caused by ... , because ... ;

Approx. 22 entities available to read;

DNA bDNA: Branched chain DNA [Harrison's 15th Edition; Principles of Internal Medicine; McGraw-Hill; 2001]; Signal; P vector;

DNA cDNA: Complementary DNA [Micro-array technology]; Clone DNA; 2001;

DNA cDNA: In 2007, Invitrogen's reagent kits can classify genes such as IL-8, ODC, SDHA, VEGF, ... ;

DNA DNA chip: DNA chip = DNA array; With ... , or without energy map;

DNA DNAemia: Antigenemia; Viremia AND DNAemia; Antibodies; [Contagion; Vol.2; No.9; 2005];

DNA dsDNA: 350 ~ 450 nm excitation emission; [An Invitrogen Publication for Discovery; QUEST; Vol.4; Iss.2; 2007];

DNA gDNA: genomic DNA, Invitrogen's usage, in 2007;

DNA HPV DNA: OBG; Testing;

DNA probe DNA: 10⁷ probe DNA mol = 1 dot;

DNA rDNA origin: [Novo Nordisk; JAMA; February 23, 2005]; [Aventis; Hospital Physician; Sept. 2006];

DNA ssDNA/RNA: [Pg. 779; Harrison's 15th Edition; Principles of Internal Medicine; McGraw-Hill; 2001];

        # = ⁼ = ₌                        ...

RNA HIV RNA, [Contagion; Vol.2; No.7; 2005]; CD4 cell; HIV RNA 1M copies/mL;

RNA microRNA, Small hairpin RNA; double stranded; 2001;

RNA miRNA, microRNA, Invitrogen's usage, in 2007, and its functional available kits are Multi-Species miRNA Microarray for miRNA microarrays, NCode miRNA Labeling System for miRNA fluorescent labeling, PureLink miRNA Isolation Kit for miRNA purification, RediPlate 96 RiboGreen RNA Quantitation Kit for miRNA quantitation, ... ;

RNA mRNA, Messenger RNA; Mature [Bioinformatics Computing; Bryan Bergeron, MD, Harvard & MIT; Prentice Hall; 2003];

RNA nRNA, Nuclear RNA; Single strand; Procedures: From Chromosomal DNA to Gene Transcription to Nuclear RNA [Introns/Exons decision making here; Discard Introns, Continue Exons] to Messenger RNA;

RNA RNA Templates are Ambion RNA, Frozen tissue RNA, Invitrogen RNA, Qiagen RNA, ... , in 2007;

RNA RNAi, RNA interference [JAMA; Vol. 293; No. 11; March 16, 2005];

RNA rRNA, Ribosomal RNA;

RNA shRNA, Short hairpin RNA; [JAMA; Vol. 293; No. 11; March 16, 2005];

RNA siRNA, short interfering RNA, Invitrogen's usage, in 2007;

RNA siRNA, Small interfering RNA [JAMA; Vol. 293; No. 11; March 16, 2005];

RNA snRNA, Small nuclear RNA;

RNA ssRNA, [Pg. 779; Harrison's 15th Edition; Principles of Internal Medicine; McGraw-Hill; 2001];

RNA tRNA, Transfer RNA;

Basic procedures, without energy mapping, 1D aspect functionalities: Non coding standard DNA [i.e. T T C] OR coding standard DNA [i.e. G G G] must go through replication procedure 1st; And then, those non-coding-standard-DNA AND coding-standard-DNA must go through transcription procedure 2nd; 1st, and 2nd procedures are in an environment called nucleus-environment; After the nucleus-environment, n RNA are already transcript ed, and the n RNA must go through translation procedure 3rd; Translation procedure is in a cytoplasm-environment and notice that procedure 1st, and 2nd are in nucleus-environment AND procedure 3rd is in the cytoplasm-environment; In translation procedure, mRNA must be cod on S AND t RNA must be anti cod on S; In 4th procedure, those mRNA [i.e. CAT] AND t RNA [i.e. ACT] become ribosome S and can be considered as protein level genetics code [i.e. yin-yang calls] , and it is a time to lookup to PMD; Lesser quantitative of mutant patterns match to PMD means closer step to lesser side-effects, higher step toward qualitative, more valuable biometrics protein codes, and ... ;

For Monbusho level developers only, also see: pairs of sticks vs. turtle and turtle eggs; And, scientifically prove that spiral G waves cause each turtle egg becomes predictable female turtle, or male turtle; And then, after embryo's fertilization stage, mathematically prove and predict that spiral G waves causes to be female human beings, male human beings, and ... ; Also see: D D B J;

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